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Free and Reduced Transportation for People with Disabilities and Large Families – What Changes in 2025

The Greek state is implementing significant changes regarding transportation for people with disabilities and large families in 2025. The new regulations simplify procedures, expand rights, and make public transport more accessible for all eligible individuals.

People with Disabilities (PwD)
Who is eligible:
Eligible individuals include people with disabilities with a disability rate of 67% or higher, or those receiving disability benefits from OPEKA. Totally blind individuals and holders of a digital Disability Card marked with levels II or III are exempt from income limits.

What changes:

Residency criteria are removed.
The right to free or reduced transportation now extends to one accompanying person, if needed.
Using the Disability Card for OASA, OSETH, KTEL, and Thessaloniki Metro is now simple with electronic or personalized card validation, without additional documents.

Practical use:

Free travel on OASA, OSETH, urban KTEL, and the municipalities of Kos and Rhodes.
50% discount on intercity KTEL routes.
Thessaloniki Metro requires topping up the ThessCard with zero fare.
Accompanying persons can travel without separate validation when accompanying the eligible individual.

Large Families
Who is eligible:
Eligible individuals are large families and their members, according to existing legislation protecting large families.

What changes:

Travel with OASA, OSETH, and KTEL becomes more flexible.
Free or discounted tickets are supported depending on the policy of each transport service.

Practical use:

Simple procedure for issuing travel passes through Citizens’ Service Centers (KEP) and relevant regional authorities.
Tickets are valid for urban and intercity transport services.

These new regulations simplify the daily lives of people with disabilities and large families, reduce bureaucracy, and make access to all public transport easier.

See the Official Government Gazette (FEK) here

When Art Meets Science: How CREATE Platform May Strengthen Emotional Regulation in Cancer Care

At Kapa3, we recognize that cancer affects far more than the body, challenging the emotions, sense of self, relationships, and quality of life of those suffering. Despite the high prevalence of co-occuring mental health issues such as anxiety and depression, access to mental health services remains limited. This gap between patient needs and healthcare provisions is precisely what motivated us to help develop CREATE, an innovative digital platform designed to support emotional resilience through a powerful combination of art, technology, and emotional engagement (Ladas et al., 2025).

The CREATE (Creative and Resilience through Arts, Technology, and Emotions) platform uses computerised cognitive training (CCT) designed to enhance emotional regulation by integrating working memory training, engagement with famous artwork, and creative emotional expression. Unlike other platforms, it only targets one cognitive function: working memory. Evidence suggests that focusing on a single cognitive function is more effective than targeting multiple ones. Working memory in particular has been found to influence emotional regulation, a skillset with established benefits for anxiety and depression.

CREATE therefore introduces a unified framework that addresses cognitive function, emotional expression, and biological influences such as sleep quality and dopamine activity. Such digital health solutions are increasingly recognized as promising alternatives to standard psychotherapy, offering greater accessibility and affordability while still capable of reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Findings from the pilot study on CREATE were very promising; the participants found the platform easy to use and enjoyable, and showed increased emotional and creative engagement. Although this early research focused on feasibility and validity rather than therapeutic effectiveness, initial findings indicate improvements in emotional regulation. Importantly, the study demonstrated positive relationships between working memory, emotional regulation, and expression of emotion, while also suggesting that sleep and dopamine may mediate these effects.

These insights highlight the importance of lifestyle and biological data in developing personalized digital mental health tools. It is well established in neuroscience that working memory plays a central role in emotional regulation. A stronger working memory allows individuals to better cope with distressing thoughts, shift their attention, and respond more calmly to challenges. For people living with cancer, supporting these cognitive and emotional capacities makes daily life more manageable. Improved thinking skills can facilitate treatment adherence, informed decision-making, and a more effective management of the emotional turbulence that often accompanies illness.

The study relied on a convenience sample made up mostly of cancer-related healthcare professionals, and only one cancer survivor participated. To address this limitation, the next phase of research will focus entirely on cancer patients and survivors. Their unique challenges, including cancer-related fatigue and treatment-related cognitive changes, will be central to refining the platform and ensuring that CREATE is tailored to the needs of those it aims to benefit the most. This creates not only a more impactful intervention but also empowers patients to have a voice in shaping the future of supportive cancer care.

As we look ahead, CREATE offers a hopeful vision for digital mental-health support. It is scalable, affordable, and adaptable, making it especially valuable for people who lack access to mental health care. Intervening early and supporting emotional well-being throughout treatment and survivorship may reduce the long-term strain on healthcare services associated with mental health conditions. As cancer treatment continues to evolve, we must make sure that psychological care develops along with it. And CREATE does just that.

Read the full study

References

Ladas, A. I., Katsoridou, C., Gravalas, T., Klados, M. A., Stravoravdi, A. S., Tsompanidou, N., Fragkedaki, A., Bista, E., Chorafa, T., Petrovic, K., Vlotinou, P., Tsiakiri, A., Papazisis, G., & Frantzidis, C. A. (2025). Creativity and REsilience Through Arts, Technology and Emotions: A Pilot Study on the Feasibility and Validity of the CREATE Platform. Brain Sciences, 15(11), 1171.

‌Article by Despina Chrysostomidou, Psychologist, for Kapa3 Research Insights

4 November: International Stress Awareness Day

Stress is a natural response to life’s challenges and changes. It helps us respond, adapt, and stay motivated. But when it becomes prolonged, it can turn into an invisible, exhausting companion that affects every aspect of daily life — body, mind, relationships, and mood. International Stress Awareness Day (4 November) is a reminder to pause, take a deep breath, and acknowledge that mental health deserves the same care as physical health.

In Greece, the mental health burden remains significant. According to the OECD (2023, Country Health Profile), around 6% of the population experiences anxiety disorders, while 7% report symptoms of depression. At the same time, more recent studies in younger age groups show that stress affects a much larger proportion: in a 2020 survey of university students, high levels of moderate to severe stress and extreme anxiety were reported. Additionally, international daily stress measurements indicate that about 58% of Greeks felt stress the previous day, placing the country among the highest in Europe and globally. These figures highlight that anxiety touches a substantial part of the population and significantly impacts daily life, emphasizing the importance of awareness and support.

Stress can manifest in multiple ways: rapid heartbeat, difficulty concentrating, insomnia, irritability, or simply feeling like there’s “never enough time.” Too often we dismiss it as “part of life.” But caring for our mind and emotions is not a luxury — it is a responsibility to ourselves. Support from mental health professionals, physical activity, connection with nature, music, art, or even a simple conversation with someone we trust can become small breaths of balance.

People living with chronic illnesses, including cancer, often face heightened stress. Anxiety about treatment, uncertainty about the future, and the physical impact of disease can intensify tension and worry. Recognizing and validating this stress is essential, as support through networks, counseling, and accessible resources can make a meaningful difference.

At Kapa3, we believe no one should face stress or illness alone. Through our programs, initiatives, and community, we offer guidance, emotional support, and practical help, highlighting that mental well-being is a shared journey and empathy is key.

Today is more than a reminder of the risks of stress. It is an invitation to speak openly without fear or shame, to create space for understanding and acceptance. Let’s learn to listen to our bodies and minds, recognize the signs, and seek help when needed. Calmness is not a luxury — it is a right for everyone.

Read more in previous articles of Kapa3: Article1, Article2, Article3

Sources:

OECD (2023), Country Health Profile: Greece
Stress, Anxiety and Depression Prevalence among Greek University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic (2023, PLOS ONE / PMC)
Gallup Global Emotions Report 2024 – Ελλάδα: Daily Stress Measurement (58%)

Text/adaptation: Ifiyenia Anastasiou for Kapa3

Giving Voice to People with Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) in Greece

Promitheas launches MyPBCVoice, an innovative initiative aimed at empowering and supporting people with Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) in Greece. PBC is a rare, chronic autoimmune liver disease with symptoms such as fatigue, itching, abdominal discomfort, and psychological challenges.

MyPBCVoice focuses on patient education, information, and mutual support to improve quality of life. Activities include:

Questionnaires to assess patient needs (fill here)
A PBC-focused microsite
Interactive Facebook community for communication and support (join here)
Short videos and vidcasts with patients and experts
Online webinars
Digital archive of complaints and reports to map access barriers

We encourage everyone to share and promote this initiative to reach more patients and health professionals.

Kapa3 is proud to support initiatives like MyPBCVoice, which empower patients and foster connection and knowledge within the community.

Text/adaptation: Ifiyenia Anastasiou for Kapa3

Gut Microbiota: A Hidden Ally in Cancer Treatment

Our gut is home to trillions of microorganisms, collectively called the gut microbiota, which play a crucial role in digestion, immunity, and overall health. Excitingly, research is revealing that these tiny residents can also influence the effectiveness of cancer treatments—from immunotherapy to chemotherapy and beyond. Understanding this connection opens new possibilities for more personalized and effective cancer care.

Boosting Immunotherapy through Gut Microbes

Innovative therapies like CAR-T cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), oncolytic viruses (OVs), and CpG-oligonucleotide immunotherapy have transformed cancer treatment in recent years. Studies show that the composition of gut microbiota can affect how well patients respond to these therapies.

For instance, certain bacteria—such as Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Akkermansia—are linked to better CAR-T outcomes, while broad-spectrum antibiotics may reduce therapy effectiveness. Similarly, gut microbes can enhance responses to ICIs by stimulating immune cells that attack tumors. OVs, which work by killing cancer cells and activating the immune system, also benefit from a healthy gut microbiota. Even CpG-based therapies are more effective when gut microbes activate immune pathways.

In short, a balanced gut microbiota can help “turn cold tumors into hot tumors,” making them more responsive to modern immunotherapies.

Gut Microbes and Traditional Treatments

Gut microbiota also affects chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Some microbes can influence drug metabolism, improving efficacy or reducing side effects. For example, bacteria like Enterococcus hirae and Barnesiella intestinihominis enhance the response to cyclophosphamide, a common chemotherapy drug, by activating immune cells.

On the other hand, disruptions in gut microbiota—often caused by antibiotics or radiation—can increase treatment toxicity, leading to issues like intestinal inflammation or mucositis. Promising strategies like fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and certain probiotics have shown potential to restore gut balance, reduce side effects, and improve overall outcomes.

Complementary Approaches: TCM and Probiotics

Traditional medicine can also benefit from gut microbes. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compounds, when processed by gut bacteria, can transform into more potent anti-cancer agents. Certain TCM herbs and formulas can also promote beneficial bacteria while suppressing harmful ones.

Similarly, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics—foods or supplements that nourish or contain helpful bacteria—can support cancer treatment by strengthening gut immunity, reducing inflammation, and enhancing drug effectiveness. For example, in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy, synbiotics have been shown to reduce treatment-related side effects while boosting therapeutic benefits.

Emerging Strategies: Engineering the Microbiota

Beyond diet and probiotics, scientists are developing targeted microbiota interventions to fight cancer more precisely. These include:

Engineered microbes, designed to deliver anti-cancer agents directly to tumors.
Phage therapy, using viruses that selectively kill harmful bacteria.
Nanomedicine and OMVs (outer membrane vesicles), which can deliver drugs or immune-stimulating molecules to tumors while sparing healthy microbes.

These cutting-edge approaches are still under study, but they demonstrate the incredible potential of harnessing gut microbes to improve therapy effectiveness and reduce toxicity.

Looking Ahead: Precision Medicine and Microbiota

The future of cancer treatment may increasingly involve personalized microbiota strategies. By analyzing an individual’s gut bacteria and metabolites, clinicians could tailor therapies to maximize efficacy and minimize side effects. Combining microbiota profiling with multi-omics analysis, AI, and big data could allow doctors to predict treatment response and guide interventions in a way that was unimaginable just a decade ago.

While challenges remain—including differences in individual microbiotas, safety considerations, and regulatory hurdles—the potential is enormous. Gut microbiota represents a promising frontier in precision oncology, offering hope for more effective, safer, and individualized cancer care.

Read the full article here

Text/Adaptation: Ifiyenia Anastasiou for Kapa3

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for Stress Relief

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a program developed by Professor Jon Kabat-Zinn at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, designed to help individuals focus on the present moment by observing thoughts, emotions, and bodily sensations with acceptance and without judgment. The program includes guided meditations, mindful movement exercises (such as yoga), breathing practices, and body scans, promoting mental calm, emotional regulation, and stress reduction.

As expected, this approach has been applied to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life in cancer patients. A recent systematic review published in BMC Psychology in November 2024 examined the effectiveness of MBSR in breast cancer patients, focusing on outcomes such as anxiety, depression, fatigue, quality of life, post-traumatic growth (PTG), fear of recurrence, pain, stress, and sleep.

The review included 15 randomized studies with a total of 1,937 participants. Results showed that the eight-week program significantly reduced anxiety and depression and improved quality of life compared to a six-week program or usual care. Additionally, post-traumatic growth increased and remained elevated even three months after completing the program. Fatigue decreased at the end of the program, though no statistically significant difference was found at the three-month follow-up. The method did not show significant effects on pain, stress, fear of recurrence, or sleep compared to usual care. Nevertheless, MBSR remains a powerful tool for psychological support.

At Kapa3, we believe that mindfulness can be a valuable aid for those who need it, and the results of this systematic review highlight MBSR’s value as a safe and effective intervention for the psychological support of patients.

Researchers note that a longer program duration allows participants to internalize MBSR practices and develop positive coping strategies. MBSR focuses on conscious attention to the present, with patience, acceptance, and a non-judgmental stance, helping regulate emotions and reduce negative thoughts related to the illness. Regular practice, especially in an eight-week program, appears to enhance positive outcomes, improving both psychological well-being and patients’ perception of their lives.

Parenting in Childhood Cancer: The Importance of Psychological Support

One of the hardest challenges for parents of children with cancer —emotionally and practically—is to see your child in pain and distress, especially when facing cancer. Unfortunately, according to the World Health Organization, around 400,000 children and adolescents are diagnosed with cancer every year, most commonly with leukemia, brain tumors, or lymphomas. Parents play a crucial role in improving their child’s quality of life, and their emotional well-being is the cornerstone for coping with this demanding situation. (World Health Organization, 2025)

Parenting and Childhood Cancer

Cancer can cause major upheavals and imbalances within a family. Parents in particular play a multifaceted and decisive role, often experiencing intense distress, stress, anxiety, depression, or even post-traumatic stress symptoms. According to the study by Kearney, Salley, and Muriel, parental distress negatively affects the child’s quality of life as well as family and marital relationships.
Because parents are the primary caregivers, they strive to support their children throughout all stages of treatment. Building psychological resilience against fear and stress is essential to achieving that goal. Without parental self-care, there can be no real care for the child. (Kearney et al., 2015)

The Importance of Psychological Support

Most parents develop resilience, creating a new sense of normalcy. However, additional support through psychotherapy—particularly cognitive-behavioral and family-based approaches (CBT)—can greatly help manage emotions and reduce anxiety.
Problem-Solving Skills Training (PSST), which helps individuals identify and correct unhelpful patterns of thinking and behavior, has proven effective: more than 800 mothers of children with cancer reported reduced negative emotions and distress.
Beyond professional psychological support, parents’ own outlook and access to emotional support play a significant role in how they cope. (Kearney et al., 2015)
In every case, childhood cancer places a heavy burden on parents, demanding enormous strength and dedication. Yet with self-care, they can create the foundation to better support their children.

At Kapa3, we strongly believe that psychological empowerment and emotional support for parents and caregivers of children with cancer are vital. Through awareness actions, support programs, and collaborations with mental health professionals, we aim to strengthen not only the patients but also those who stand by them every single day.

Sources: Kearney, J. A., Salley, C. G., & Muriel, A. C. (2015). Standards of psychosocial care for parents of children with cancer. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 62(S5), S632–S683. Read more here

Sleep and Cancer: Understanding Insomnia and Nighttime Disorders

Sleep disturbances are common in people living with cancer, affecting physical health, emotional well-being, and quality of life. Insomnia—difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or obtaining restorative sleep—is one of the most frequent issues. It can occur at any stage of cancer and may be triggered or worsened by the cancer itself, treatments such as chemotherapy, medications, anxiety related to diagnosis, or lifestyle factors like caffeine, alcohol, or limited daytime activity.

Often, insomnia begins after a sudden change in life or medication. Over time, certain behaviors may make it chronic, such as sleeping with lights or TV on, napping during the day, or consuming caffeine or alcohol in the evening. Patients with coexisting conditions, such as anxiety or depression, may be particularly vulnerable.

Clinical approaches to insomnia
Evidence supports a multi-faceted strategy. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) has been shown to reduce sleep complaints in cancer patients and may decrease reliance on hypnotic medications. CBT-I addresses maladaptive sleep behaviors and beliefs and can be delivered in-person or through digital programs, such as the FDA-cleared application Somryst.

Pharmacological treatment may be indicated for severe or persistent insomnia, typically as short-term therapy. Commonly prescribed medications include benzodiazepine receptor agonists (e.g., zolpidem, eszopiclone), low-dose doxepin, and orexin receptor antagonists. However, evidence in cancer patients remains limited, and medication should be closely monitored to avoid long-term dependence.

Parasomnias: nocturnal behavioral events
Some patients experience unusual behaviors during sleep, including sleepwalking, night terrors, or acting out dreams (REM sleep behavior disorder). These events may be influenced by treatment, medications, metabolic changes, or other medical conditions, and can sometimes be confused with seizures or delirium. Accurate documentation of the timing, frequency, behaviors, and memory of events is crucial for diagnosis. In cases where safety is at risk, or the events are atypical, video polysomnography may be recommended.

It is a fact that sleep affects multiple physiological processes, and disruptions can influence both quality of life and potentially cancer outcomes. A comprehensive, individualized approach—considering behavioral strategies, careful use of medication, and evaluation for other sleep disorders—is essential. Ongoing research is expanding our understanding of sleep’s role in cancer progression and patient resilience.

At Kapa3, we recognize the importance of sleep in supporting the overall well-being of people living with cancer, and we encourage patients to seek guidance on managing sleep disturbances as part of comprehensive care.

Read the full article here

Text/Adaptation: Ifiyenia Anastasiou for Kapa3

Scientific Seminar: Psychosocial Support after Cancer Treatment and Post-Traumatic Growth

The Psychology Laboratory of INEB/CEST (Institute of Applied Biosciences / CERTH), with the support of the Municipality of Thessaloniki, is organizing on Saturday, 1 November 2025 (10:00–15:00), at the “Manolis Anagnostakis” Hall of the Thessaloniki City Hall, the scientific seminar “Psychosocial Support after Cancer Treatment and Post-Traumatic Growth.”

The event, initiated by the Psychology Laboratory as part of the IC-GROWTH research project, focuses on the psychological and social dimensions of life after cancer treatment, highlighting good practices for care, empowerment, and post-traumatic growth.

The program includes expert presentations and an open discussion with the audience, featuring researchers, healthcare professionals, and representatives from patient associations.

Participation is free, but pre-registration is required through the following form:
Registration Form

This seminar offers a valuable opportunity for learning and sharing experiences on psychosocial support and care after cancer treatment.

Kapa3 supports initiatives that strengthen mental health and quality of life for individuals who have experienced cancer.

Date: Saturday, 1 November 2025
Time: 10:00–15:00
Location: “Manolis Anagnostakis” Hall, Thessaloniki City Hall

Depression and Cancer Mortality: A Critical Link Across Major Cancer Types

Depression is a common but often underrecognized condition among cancer patients, affecting up to 20–30% of individuals diagnosed with the disease. Beyond its impact on quality of life, mounting evidence suggests that depression can significantly influence cancer outcomes, including survival. A recent meta-analysis of 65 cohort studies spanning colorectal, breast, lung, prostate, and mixed cancers provides compelling evidence that depression diagnosed after a cancer diagnosis is associated with a substantially increased risk of mortality.

The analysis revealed that patients with depression faced an 83% higher risk of dying from colorectal cancer, a 59% higher risk in lung cancer, a 74% higher risk in prostate cancer, and a 23% higher risk in breast cancer compared to non-depressed patients. Across mixed cancer types, depression increased the risk of cancer mortality by 38%. These findings underscore that the psychological burden of cancer is not merely an emotional challenge but a critical factor affecting survival outcomes.

Mechanisms Linking Depression and Cancer Outcomes

Depression may influence cancer progression through multiple biological and behavioral pathways. Biologically, depression is associated with chronic systemic inflammation, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, immune suppression, autonomic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impaired DNA repair. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), can contribute to tumor growth and metastasis. In older patients, depression may exacerbate age-related immune dysfunction, creating an environment more permissive to cancer progression.

Behaviorally, depression affects health-related actions and treatment adherence. Depressed patients are more likely to delay seeking medical care, adhere poorly to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapies, and engage in unhealthy habits such as smoking, poor nutrition, and physical inactivity. Social isolation and reduced support systems further increase vulnerability, compounding the negative impact on survival.

Clinical Implications and Interventions

The strong association between depression and cancer mortality highlights the urgent need to integrate mental health care into routine oncology practice. Psychological interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), supportive-expressive therapy, and mindfulness-based approaches, have shown promise in reducing distress and improving adherence to cancer treatment. Pharmacological management, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may also support mental health and potentially influence cancer outcomes, though more research is needed to understand their role fully. Early identification and treatment of depressive symptoms should be considered a priority for oncologists, mental health professionals, and healthcare policymakers alike.

Limitations and Future Directions

While this meta-analysis provides robust evidence, several limitations should be noted. The observational nature of the studies prevents establishing causality, and differences in study design, depression assessment methods, and patient populations contribute to heterogeneity. Future research should explore longitudinal and randomized studies to clarify causal pathways and identify the most effective interventions to reduce depression-related mortality. Investigating the interactions between depression, inflammation, and cancer biology may also reveal targets for novel supportive therapies.

Depression is not just a psychological burden for cancer patients—it is a significant predictor of mortality across multiple cancer types. These findings call for systematic depression screening and tailored interventions as integral components of oncology care.

Organizations like Kapa3 play a vital role in supporting the mental health of cancer patients, offering resources and guidance that can improve both quality of life and treatment outcomes. Integrating psychological support into cancer care ensures that mental well-being is recognized as an essential part of the healing process.
In line with this mission, Kapa3 participates in MELODIC, a new European initiative dedicated to supporting the mental health of young adults (18–30 years old) living with or beyond cancer.

Read the original article here